使用 WorkManager 進行整合測試

WorkManager 提供 work-testing 構件，可協助您測試工作站。

設定

如要使用 work-testing 構件，請將其新增至 build.gradle 中的 androidTestImplementation 依附元件。

Groovy

 dependencies {     def work_version = "2.5.0"      ...      // optional - Test helpers     androidTestImplementation "androidx.work:work-testing:$work_version" }

Kotlin

 dependencies {     val work_version = "2.4.0"      ...      // optional - Test helpers     androidTestImplementation("androidx.work:work-testing:$work_version") }

如要進一步瞭解如何新增依附元件，請參閱 「WorkManager 版本資訊」中的「宣告依附元件」一節。

概念

work-testing 提供 WorkManager 專用實作的測試模式，這個模式會使用 WorkManagerTestInitHelper 進行初始化。

work-testing 構件也提供 SynchronousExecutor，讓您更容易以同步的方式撰寫測試，而無需處理多個執行緒或 latch。

以下示範如何搭配使用上述所有類別。

Kotlin

 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class BasicInstrumentationTest {     @Before     fun setup() {         val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext()         val config = Configuration.Builder()             .setMinimumLoggingLevel(Log.DEBUG)             .setExecutor(SynchronousExecutor())             .build()          // Initialize WorkManager for instrumentation tests.         WorkManagerTestInitHelper.initializeTestWorkManager(context, config)     } }

Java

 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) public class BasicInstrumentationTest {     @Before     public void setup() {         Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext();         Configuration config = new Configuration.Builder()                 .setMinimumLoggingLevel(Log.DEBUG)                 .setExecutor(new SynchronousExecutor())                 .build();          // Initialize WorkManager for instrumentation tests.         WorkManagerTestInitHelper.initializeTestWorkManager(             context, config);     } }

架構測試

由於 WorkManager 已在測試模式中初始化，您現在可以開始測試工作站。

假設您有一個 EchoWorker 會有一些 inputData，而只需簡單複製 (亦即 echo) 輸入內容給 outputData 即可。

Kotlin

 class EchoWorker(context: Context, parameters: WorkerParameters)    : Worker(context, parameters) {    override fun doWork(): Result {        return when(inputData.size()) {            0 - >Result.failure()            else - >Result.success(inputData)        }    } }

Java

 public class EchoWorker extends Worker {   public EchoWorker(Context context, WorkerParameters parameters) {       super(context, parameters);   }    @NonNull   @Override   public Result doWork() {       Data input = getInputData();       if (input.size() == 0) {           return Result.failure();       } else {           return Result.success(input);       }   } }

基本測試

以下是測試 EchoWorker 的 Android 檢測設備測試。這裡的重點在於，在測試模式中測試 EchoWorker 與在實際應用程式中使用 EchoWorker 的方式非常類似的。

Kotlin

 @Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testSimpleEchoWorker() {     // Define input data     val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)      // Create request     val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)         .setInputData(input)         .build()      val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(applicationContext)     // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously     // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.     workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()     // Get WorkInfo and outputData     val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()     val outputData = workInfo.outputData      // Assert     assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED))     assertThat(outputData, `is`(input)) }

Java

 @Test public void testSimpleEchoWorker() throws Exception {    // Define input data    Data input = new Data.Builder()            .put(KEY_1, 1)            .put(KEY_2, 2)            .build();     // Create request    OneTimeWorkRequest request =        new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)            .setInputData(input)            .build();     WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext());    // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously    // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.    workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();    // Get WorkInfo and outputData    WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();    Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData();     // Assert    assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED));    assertThat(outputData, is(input)); }

我們再撰寫另一項測試，確保 EchoWorker 在沒有任何輸入資料時，Result 是 Result.failure()。

Kotlin

 @Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testEchoWorkerNoInput() {    // Create request    val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)        .build()     val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(applicationContext)    // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously    // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.    workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()    // Get WorkInfo    val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()     // Assert    assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.FAILED)) }

Java

 @Test public void testEchoWorkerNoInput() throws Exception {   // Create request   OneTimeWorkRequest request =       new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)          .build();    WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext());   // Enqueue and wait for result. This also runs the Worker synchronously   // because we are using a SynchronousExecutor.   workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();   // Get WorkInfo   WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();    // Assert   assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.FAILED)); }

模擬限制、延遲和週期性工作

WorkManagerTestInitHelper 會提供 TestDriver 的例項，可用於模擬初始延遲，也就是 ListenableWorker 例項符合限制的條件，以及 PeriodicWorkRequest 例項的間隔。

測試初始延遲

工作站作業可能會初始延遲。如要使用 initialDelay 測試 EchoWorker，您不必等待測試中的 initialDelay，而是使用 TestDriver 將工作要求的初始延遲時間條件，符合使用 setInitialDelayMet。

Kotlin

 @Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testWithInitialDelay() {     // Define input data     val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)      // Create request     val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)         .setInputData(input)         .setInitialDelay(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)         .build()      val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext())     // Get the TestDriver     val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver()     // Enqueue     workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()     // Tells the WorkManager test framework that initial delays are now met.     testDriver.setInitialDelayMet(request.id)     // Get WorkInfo and outputData     val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()     val outputData = workInfo.outputData      // Assert     assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED))     assertThat(outputData, `is`(input)) }

Java

 @Test public void testWithInitialDelay() throws Exception {   // Define input data   Data input = new Data.Builder()           .put(KEY_1, 1)           .put(KEY_2, 2)           .build();    // Create request   OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)           .setInputData(input)           .setInitialDelay(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)           .build();    WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext);   // Get the TestDriver   TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver();   // Enqueue   workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();   // Tells the WorkManager test framework that initial delays are now met.   testDriver.setInitialDelayMet(request.getId());   // Get WorkInfo and outputData   WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();   Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData();    // Assert   assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED));   assertThat(outputData, is(input)); }

測試限制

TestDriver 也可用來使用 setAllConstraintsMet 將限制條件標示為符合。以下範例說明如何測試設有限制的 Worker。

Kotlin

 @Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testWithConstraints() {     // Define input data     val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)      val constraints = Constraints.Builder()         .setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.CONNECTED)         .build()      // Create request     val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>)         .setInputData(input)         .setConstraints(constraints)         .build()      val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext)     val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver()     // Enqueue     workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()     // Tells the testing framework that all constraints are met.     testDriver.setAllConstraintsMet(request.id)     // Get WorkInfo and outputData     val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()     val outputData = workInfo.outputData      // Assert     assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED))     assertThat(outputData, `is`(input)) }

Java

 @Test public void testWithConstraints() throws Exception {     // Define input data     Data input = new Data.Builder()             .put(KEY_1, 1)             .put(KEY_2, 2)             .build();      // Define constraints     Constraints constraints = new Constraints.Builder()             .setRequiresDeviceIdle(true)             .build();      // Create request     OneTimeWorkRequest request = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class)             .setInputData(input)             .setConstraints(constraints)             .build();      WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext);     TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver();     // Enqueue     workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();     // Tells the testing framework that all constraints are met.     testDriver.setAllConstraintsMet(request.getId());     // Get WorkInfo and outputData     WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();     Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData();      // Assert     assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.SUCCEEDED));     assertThat(outputData, is(input)); }

週期工作測試

TestDriver 也會提供 setPeriodDelayMet，並用來表示時間間隔已完成。以下是 setPeriodDelayMet 的使用範例。

Kotlin

 @Test @Throws(Exception::class) fun testPeriodicWork() {     // Define input data     val input = workDataOf(KEY_1 to 1, KEY_2 to 2)      // Create request     val request = PeriodicWorkRequestBuilderE<choWorker(>15, MINUTES)         .setInputData(input)         .build()      val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext)     val testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver()     // Enqueue and wait for result.     workManager.enqueue(request).result.get()     // Tells the testing framework the period delay is met     testDriver.setPeriodDelayMet(request.id)     // Get WorkInfo and outputData     val workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.id).get()      // Assert     assertThat(workInfo.state, `is`(WorkInfo.State.ENQUEUED)) }

Java

 @Test public void testPeriodicWork() throws Exception {     // Define input data     Data input = new Data.Builder()             .put(KEY_1, 1)             .put(KEY_2, 2)             .build();      // Create request     PeriodicWorkRequest request =             new PeriodicWorkRequest.Builder(EchoWorker.class, 15, MINUTES)             .setInputData(input)             .build();      WorkManager workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(myContext);     TestDriver testDriver = WorkManagerTestInitHelper.getTestDriver();     // Enqueue and wait for result.     workManager.enqueue(request).getResult().get();     // Tells the testing framework the period delay is met     testDriver.setPeriodDelayMet(request.getId());     // Get WorkInfo and outputData     WorkInfo workInfo = workManager.getWorkInfoById(request.getId()).get();      // Assert     assertThat(workInfo.getState(), is(WorkInfo.State.ENQUEUED)); }